Several approaches have been employed to explore putative resistance genes in another cotton species, g. Exploration of cotton leaf curl virus resistance genes and. More than 15 young farmers of the district have been able to reap a good harvest from the american cotton crop which had been affected badly by a cotton leaf curl virus in early stages of. In india, chilli has been reported to be infected by several begomoviruses, namely chilli leaf curl virus chilcv, tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv and tomato leaf curl joydebpur virus khan et al. Development of cotton leaf curl virus resistant transgenic. However, the exact mechanisms conferring disease resistance in cotton are still unknown. Nigeria in 1912 pakistan is 5th biggest cotton producer country. Clcuv transmission occurs in sriganganagar rajasthan, an area endemic with cotton leaf curl disease. Cotton leaf curl virus is a single stranded dna virus. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is a serious pathogen causing leaf curl disease and affecting the cotton production in major growing areas. Cotton is one of the most important crops of pakistan, accounting for over 60% of foreign exchange earnings. Introduction cotton leaf curl, a viral disease of cotton, was reported for the first time in 1912 from nigeria1. Cotton leaf curl virus has been responsible for yield loss in all affected cotton growing areas in africa since its discovery. In india, tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv has recently been shown to be associated with chilli leaf curl disease.
Several other begomovirus species associated with chilli leaf curl such as cotton leaf curl multan virus, chilli leaf curl multan virus and pepper yellow leaf curl. Attempts to manage clcud by the control of inoculum reservoirs and vector populations have been ineffective particularly during high inocula pressures. Subsequent pcrbased studies by various groups established the diversity of clcuv in pakistan, showing that there were more than four distinct, yet closely related, begomovirus species associated with clcud nadeem et al. Cotton leaf curl is a destructive disease of cotton and several other malvaceous plant species that is transmitted by b. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is one of the most wellknown tomatoinfecting begomoviruses and transmitted by bemisia tabaci. The begomovirus associated with clcud was named cotton leaf curl virus clcuv. Across pakistan, clcud is currently associated with a single begomovirus cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubuv and the cotton specific betasatellite cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite clcumub, both of which have recombinant origins.
Gossypium hirsutum important cash crop of pakistan. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant challeng for cotton production m. Development of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv diagnostic. Cotton leaf curl geminiviruses cgs are singlestranded dna viruses in the. Analysis of the fulllength sequences of six begomovirus clones showed one to be an isolate of cotton leaf curl kokhran virus clcukv, a virus previously shown to be associated with clcud in the. In earlier studies, siddig 1969 had stated that the virus. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity amjad farooq 1, jehanzeb farooq, abid mahmood 1, amir shakeel 2, abdul rehman 3, asia batool 4, muhammad riaz 1, muhammad tasdiq hussain shahid 1 and saira mehboob 4. Mar 30, 2014 cotton leaf curl virus clcuv geminiviridae. Functional analysis of cotton leaf curl kokhran viruscotton leaf. C1 gene in antisense orientation gene driven by cauliflower mosaic virus35s promoter and nos nopaline synthase terminator and mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. Micro mi rnas, are the endogenous small rnas and play a key role in plant development and stress resistance.
Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its. Caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus. Transcript mapping of cotton leaf curl burewala virus and its. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae. The sequence comparisons revealed that, this virus isolate share highest nucleotide identity with isolates of cotton leaf curl bangalore virus clcubv ay705380 92. In the eastern hemisphere, leaf curl disease of cotton occurs in the sahel region of africa, and in india and pakistan where cotton is grown, whereas, in the americas leaf curl crumple disease occurs in cotton growing regions of the us, mexico, and central america. Surprisingly, clcubuv lacks c2, one of the genes present in all previously characterized begomoviruses. First detection of cotton leaf curl burewala virus and cognate cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite and gossypium darwinii symptomless alphasatellite in symptomatic luffa cylindrica in pakistan. Prediction of cotton leaf curl virus disease and its management. Leaf curl, yellow leaf curl hosts tomato, pepper, eggplant, okra, tobacco, beans, cotton, cucurbits, citrus, and other crops as secondary hosts affected plant stages seedling and vegetative stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms infected plant has stunted young leaves and shoots. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease. Cotton leaf curl virus need not to be afraid of youtube. Cotton leaf curl virus how is cotton leaf curl virus. It has some alternate hosts where it survives these alternate hosts are tomato, tobacco, lehli, dhatura, okra, china rose etc.
Find 100% cotton software software downloads at cnet, the most comprehensive source for safe, trusted, and spywarefree downloads on the web. Begomovirus, the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants gossypium hirsutum, is exclusively transmitted by whitefly species bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Among various known virus controlling strategies, rnaimediated one has shown potential to protect host crop plants. The present study describes the association of a distinct begomovirus species and a. Begomovirus, cotton leaf curl disease, cotton leaf curl burewala virus, betasatellite, cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite, transcription background viruses of the geminiviridae family have circular singlestranded ssdna genomes and classify into four genera according to their host range, insect vector and genome organization 1. Nov 20, 2019 ziaurrehman m, herrmann h w, hameed u, haider m s, brown j k, 20. Later on it was reported from tanzania in 19262 and from sudan in 19343. Four dnaa variants among pakistani isolates of cotton leaf curl virus and their affinities to dnaa of geminivirus isolates from okra. Potato leafroll virus plrv is a member of the genus polerovirus and family luteoviridae. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease in pakistan. The phloem limited positive sense rna virus infects potatoes and other members of the family solanaceae. Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its associated betasatellite with leaf curl disease of hibiscus rosasinensis in india. The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first reported in 1985, although it was noted in this region as early as 1967. Inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus resistance in cotton 299 of future developments, practically involved for efficiently evolving series of virus resistant varieties cim443, cim448, cim1100 etc.
Diversity, mutation and recombination analysis of cotton leaf curl. Hollyhock leaf crumple virus as of 2015 after ictv. As the name suggests, curly top virus of bean plants mimics the symptoms of moisture stress, a plant with curling leaves. A survey for viruses causing clcud was conducted during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons in the northwestern indian cotton growing belt in the states of punjab, haryana and rajasthan. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae in asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv. In pakistan, cotton leaf curl virus clcv was observed near multan in 19674. Ed podleckis, usda aphis, plant protection and quarantine, plant health. Pim7685 is a new clcuvresistant line developed through the use of induced mutation. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl.
Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease is one of the major limiting factors in cotton production, particularly in widely cultivated gossypium hirsutum varieties that are susceptible to attack by this virus. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of. Usda research yields cotton resistant to top 20 ag threat. Recombination detection programs and phylogenetic analyses. Functional analysis of cotton leaf curl kokhran viruscotton leaf curl multan betasatellite rna silencing suppressors. The problem is further complicated as the clcud causing virus complex. In the past, efforts were made to combat this disease by. It has since been identified in the kona area of hawaii. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant. Cotton leaf curl multan virus satellite dna beta, complete genome. Genome wide identification of cotton gossypium hirsutum. Cotton leaf curl virus disease reduces the cotton yield significantly every year and is. Genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease, its.
Losses are difficult to assess, but estimates range up to 20% when infection occurs early in the growing season andor with highly susceptible cultivars. Cotton leaf curl virus is a member of begomovirus and family geminiviridae. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is one of the major biotic constraints of cotton production in pakistan. Field evaluations of tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistant. Okra leaf curl cameroon virus as of 2015 after ictv. Breeding resistant varieties is one of the best ways to combat clcud. Taxonomy navigation begomovirus all lower taxonomy nodes 7 common name isynonym. Partial sequences of 258 and fulllength sequences of 22 virus genomes were determined. Association of a recombinant cotton leaf curl bangalore virus. Cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubv, genus begomovirus causes devastating cotton leaf curl disease. Plant pathology and nematology national cotton council of. Pdf reducing disease incidence of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd limits cotton production in many cotton growing countries of the world, including pakistan.
Evaluation of cotton leaf curl virus resistance in bc1, bc2, and. Dominance of resistancebreaking cotton leaf curl burewala. In addition to curling leaves, beans with curly top disease have foliage that becomes thickened and stiff with leaves that twist and curl upward. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a major limitation to cotton production on the indian subcontinent. Leaf curl virus disease of cotton is caused by a complex of whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses circular, singlestranded dna viruses, referred to as cotton leaf curl virus clcuv complex, and one of several associated dna satellites that contribute to helper virus virulence. This is well supported by phylogentic analysis showing, close clustering of the virus isolate with clcubv. Defense strategies of cotton against whitefly transmitted. Icarda usda pakus cotton productivity enhancement programme.
Nov 01, 2011 more than 15 young farmers of the district have been able to reap a good harvest from the american cotton crop which had been affected badly by a cotton leaf curl virus in early stages of. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is economically important monopartite geminivirus which is transmitted by whitefly in persistent circulative manner. Chilli leaf curl palampur virus is a distinct begomovirus. Seed transmission has previously been reported for some rna.
Cultivation of resistant cotton genotypes is the most effective method of reducing yield losses due to clcuv. Geminiviral diseases of cotton 127 cotton leaf curl disease a phylogenetic tree based on complete nucleotide sequences of all cotton begomoviruses is shown in figure 3. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud after its first epidemic in 1912 in nigeria, has. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud is an important constraint to cotton production. Influence of plant age, whitefly population and cultivar on infection of cotton plants by.